When do we use the past tense?

We use the past tense to talk about what we did in the past: for example, yesterday, last week or last year. There are some rules that can help you form the past tense.

How to talk about the past in Spanish

Sometimes we want to talk about things that have already happened and for that you need the preterite, which is a past tense.

For verbs ending in -ar, like hablar (to speak) you usually take away the -ar and add one of the following endings:

Hablé con mi amigo por teléfono - I spoke to my friend on the phone.

Another example of this pattern is visitar (to visit).

¿Visitaste Madrid con tu familia? - Did you visit Madrid with your family?

Visitó la catedral - he/she visited the cathedral.

What about verbs ending in -er and -ir?

The good news is they share the same pattern. Let’s take the verb salir (to go out).

I went out with my friends - Salí con mis amigas.

Did you go out to the cinema? - ¿Saliste al cine?

He/She went out for dinner - Salió a cenar

One thing to be extra careful with is the verb to go, ir, as it’s irregular.

I went to the supermarket - Fui al supermercado

Did you go to school? - ¿Fuiste al colegio?

He/She went to the doctor - Fue al médico.

'-ar' verbs

To form the past tense in Spanish, remove the -ar, -er or -ir from the infinitive and add the correct ending to the stem.

The infinitive is the form of the verb you find in the dictionary. In Spanish, infinitives always end in -ar, -er or -ir. The stem is the part of the verb that is left after we remove the infinitive ending.

To make the past tense of an -ar verb, remove -ar from the infinitive and add these endings to the stem:

Have a look at this example:

hablar - to speak

It is useful to remember that in Spanish there is a unique verb ending for each subject pronoun (yo, tú, él, ella).

For example:

Él habló con mi padre - He spoke to my dad.

Because the verb ending itself tells you who is doing the action, subject pronouns are not always needed in Spanish.

For example:

¿Cuándo hablaste con Safa? - When did you speak to Safa?

Some more examples of common -ar verbs include:

escuchar - to listen

For example:

Escuché la radio - I listened to the radio.

Zaid escuchó música en su dormitorio - Zaid listened to music in his room.

visitar - to visit

For example:

La semana pasada visité el museo - Last week I visited the museum.

¿Visitaste la galería de arte? - Did you visit the art gallery?

'-er' and '-ir' verbs

To form the past tense of both -er and -ir verbs, remove the -er and -ir from the infinitive and add these endings to the stem:

Have a look at this example:

comer - to eat

For example:

¿Qué comiste a mediodía? - What did you eat at midday?

Comí una ensalada y bebí un zumo de naranja - I ate a salad and I drank an orange juice.

salir - to go out

For example:

Salí al restaurante a las ocho - I went out to the restaurant at eight o’clock.

¿A qué hora saliste anoche? - What time did you go out last night?

Irregular verbs

Some verbs are irregular in the past tense which means that they don't follow the expected pattern. It is useful to learn these off by heart.

Ser (to be) and ir (to go) have the same form in the past tense. Luckily, you can tell which one is being used from the context of the sentence.

For example:

El fin de semana pasado fui al cine - Last weekend I went to the cinema.

Ayer fue interesante - Yesterday was interesting.

Look how ser and ir are the same in the preterite:

El lunes hice natación - On Monday I went swimming.

Tuve que ir al instituto - I had to go to school.

¿Estuviste en casa ayer? - Were you at home yesterday?

Irregular verbs in the first person

There are some verbs which have a spelling change only in the first person.

For example:

Ayer jugué al tenis pero mi hermano jugó al rugby - Yesterday I played tennis but my brother played rugby.

Durante las vacaciones saqué pocas fotos pero tú sacaste muchas - During the holidays I took a few pictures but you took a lot.

Have a look at the following table to see the irregularity in the I form, and how the rest of the verb is formed in the you and he/she/it forms: